Anda butuh "Virtual Credit Card (VCC) VISA Spesial Untuk Verifikasi Paypal "
yang Aman dan Cepat
Hanya
Rp 70.000,-
Sekali Selamanya Account Paypal Anda Verified
Anda akan mendapatkan :
'ExpUse' number atau kode paypal akan Anda dapatkan setelah memasukkan 16 digit nomor VCC dan mentautkan VCC dengan Paypal (Link And Confirm).
Segera mintalah kode paypal (ExpUse) ke sales@duniavcc.com setelah memasukkan 16 digit VCC dan mengklik link and confirm.
Selamat Sekarang Account Paypal Anda verified :-)
Thursday
VCC
Wednesday
Cara Dapat Uang Dari Internet Tanpa Modal
Ya, tanpa modal, tanpa harus punya blog/web site. Sangat mudah, namun hasilnya cukup besar yaitu Rp 277 juta lebih.
Yang penting, kita bisa bersosialisasi di internet melalui:
1. Situs pertemanan/jejaring sosial seperti FaceBook (FB).
2. Bisa chatting pake Yahoo Messenger (YM).
Dua syarat tadi udah cukup mudah bukan? YM dan FB sudah cukup akrab digunakan sehari-hari pagi Anda yang senang berinternet ria.
Gimana dengan biayanya? Apa butuh modal uang? Tidak. Tidak butuh modal uang untuk mendaftar. Gratis! Kecuali mungkin, bayar listrik untuk menyalakan komputer/nge-charge HP, atau biaya sambungan internet tentunya.
DUA LANGKAH SEDERHANA MENUJU RP 277 Juta Lantas apa yang harus dilakukan? Hanya ada 2 Langkang di bawah ini yang harus diikuti.
1. Mendaftar. Gratis 100%. Sama sekali tidak ada biaya pendaftaran, tidak ada biaya tambahan lain-lain. Karena gratis, tidak mengeluarkan uang sepeser pun maka tidak ada resiko sama sekali. Panduan cara mendaftar klik di sini.
2. Ajaklah 10 orang untuk ikut bergabung. Kita bisa ajak teman, saudara, atau siapa saja lewat YM maupun FB, dan ini pun tidak sulit. Nah, 10 orang yang kita ajak bergabung tadi, kemudian mengajak masing-masing 10 orang lagi, sehingga kelompok (atau sering disebut jaringan) Anda akan bertambah 100 orang (10 orang x 10 orang). Dan terus menerus berulang-ulang dan berkembang. Dari setiap orang yang masuk dalam jaringan Anda, maka Anda akan mendapat Rp 25,-. Kecil? Betul! Tapi jika lebih dari 10 juta orang yang ada dalam jaringan Anda silahkan hitung sendiri. Contohnya ada di gambar di bawah ini.
Luar biasa! Dua langkah sederhana ini, bisa menghasilkan uang hingga Rp 277 juta lebih. 
Anda sudah siap mendaftar? Ikuti langkah-langkah berikut ini:
1. Untuk Mendaftar,Klik disini. Link berikut ini akan terbuka secara otomatis di tab atau jendela baru, sehingga Anda dengan mudah kembali ke blog ini dan mengikuti langkah selanjutnya.
2. Jika Anda sudah sampai pada situs KomisiGratis, klik-lah “Daftar”, letaknya ada di bagian atas halaman tersebut, seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar, dengan lingkaran dan panah merah.
3. Tunggu sejenak sampai muncul halaman “Syarat dan Ketentuan”. Bila Anda ingin membacanya silahkan dicermati. Tapi bila buru-buru silahkan scroll ke bawah sampai ketemu dengan tulisan “Daftar Sekarang – Klik Di Sini” seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar berikut ini. Bila sudah tulisan tersebut silahkan diklik saja.
4. Tunggu sejenak sampai muncul halaman formulir. Isi sesuai ketentuan. Ingat: e-mail jangan sampai salah. Jika salah, maka e-mail yang mengandung link aktifasi dari KomisiGratis.com tidak akan sampai.
Jika sudah selesai klik saja tombol “KLIK DAFTAR” di bawah formulir.
catatan: Jika ternyata username anda sudah ada yang menggunakan jangan khawatir untuk cape ngetik ulang. Caranya ganti username anda terlebih dahulu dengan yang lain, setelah itu untuk form selanjutnya anda hanya perlu menekan panah arah bawah, karena tulisan sebelumnya ada disana.
5. Buka e-mail Anda yang alamat e-mail digunakan untuk mendaftar. Biasanya e-mail aktifasi dari KomisiGratis.com ada di inbox atau di folder “spam”. Buka e-mail tersebut dan klik link aktifasinya.
6. Jika akun Anda sudah aktif, maka Anda bisa login dengan username dan password yang telah Anda masukkan di formulir, caranya ketikkan komisigratis.com di browser internet Anda, lalu klik “Unuk Masuk Ke Member Area Klik Di Sini”, seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar dengan lingkaran dan panah merah.
Jika Anda belum menerima e-mail aktifasi maka tunggulah 1-2 hari. 
7. Anda sudah bisa masuk dan menjadi anggota? Selamat! Siapkan diri Anda untuk mulai bekerja membangun jaringan Anda secepatnya.
Di dalam “Member Area”, Anda bisa melihat bagaimana cara promosi, e-book, serta bisnis on-line gratis lainnya untuk menambah penghasilan Anda di masa depan.
Bagaimana cara promosinya? Selain yang disampaikan di Member Area, kita juga bisa berpromosi dengan cara sendiri, sepanjang tidak menyalahi aturan….
Cara-cara promosi yang saya gunakan, selain daripada yang sudah disampaikan di “Member Area” KomisiGratis.com.
Promosi dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan upaya kita untuk mengajak rekan-rekan, saudara, dll. masuk dalam jaringan kita. Enaknya di sini adalah, setiap kali jaringan orang yang Anda ajak ikut berkembang dan menghasilkan uang, Anda pun juga mendapatkan uang.
Nah, mari kita bahas secara sederhana cara-cara berpromosi.
URL atau LINK AFFILIASI Yang paling penting untuk berpromosi adalah URL atau link affiliasi. Berikut caranya untuk memperoleh URL affiliasi.
1. Login ke KomisiGratis.com
2. URL affiliasi pribadi Anda terdapat pada halaman utama member area. Begitu Anda login, Anda akan menemui halaman ini. URL affiliasi ini ada pada halaman ini, persis seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar dengan panah dan lingkaran merah.
Copy URL ini secara lengkap, dan Anda paste ke tempat di mana Anda akan berpromosi. 
Bentuk umumnya adalah sebagai berikut: http://www.komisigratis.com/?id=username Anda. URL inilah yang akan Anda jadikan “senjata” untuk mengembangkan jaringan.
Cara Promosi Di FaceBook Ini adalah cara yang paling mantap! Karena FaceBook merupakan tempat berkumpulnya teman dan saudara. Manfaatkanlah! Dalam hal ini, sebagian besar dari Anda pasti sudah fasih melakukannya daripada saya, karena saya jarang mampir di FaceBook.
Baiklah, berikut ini adalah caranya:
1. Anda pasti mengenal yang namanya “status” atau “what’s in your mind” di FB. Anda bisa membagikan URL affiliasi Anda di sini. Seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar.
2. Isi status Anda dengan kalimat yang sesuai untuk promosi, misalnya: Hai Teman-Teman..Ada Bisnis Menarik Nih. !!Kita Bisa Mendapatkan Rp.277 Juta Rupiah Dengan Modal 100% GRATIS
Lalu kliklah ikon “link” untuk memasukkan URL affiliasi pribadi Anda, letak ikon “link” ini seperti yang saya tunjukkan pada gambar.
3. Tunggu sejenak, hingga muncul kolom untuk mengetik URL affiliasi Anda. Bila sudah muncul langsung saja ketik atau copy paste URL affiliasi Anda di kolom tersebut, lengkap dengan “http://”-nya seperti pada contoh pada gambar berikut:
4. Bila sudah, klik saja tombol “Attach”. Tunggu sejenak sampai link yang kita attach tersebut masuk ke FB. Kalau FB sedang ramai dikunjungi orang sedunia, ya sabar saja bila agak lama. 
5. Ketika proses attach sudah selesai, pilih apakah “thumbnail” dari halaman tampilan KomisiGratis.com ini mau Anda tampilkan? Kalau saya, kotak “No thumbnail”-nya saya contreng, karena nunggunya lama kalau pake thumbnail segala.
5. Setelah Anda pilih, Anda bisa langsung klik tombol “Share”…. Selesai!
Satu kali promosi, bisa jadi Anda langsung dapat 10 orang… bila belum? Ulangi lagi.
Bagaimana kalau lebih dari 10 orang? Jangan khawatir… kelebihannya akan masuk di bawah 10 orang yang telah Anda ajak tadi. Enak bukan?
Cara Promosi di YM
Cara promosi yang mantap juga ada di YM, jika kita punya banyak teman di YM yang sedang online (baik yang muncul atau yang ngumpet/invisible).
Berikut ini adalah caranya:
1. Login ke YM, kemudia pada kotak status ketikkan kalimat promosi Anda dan URL affiliasi pribadi Anda, contohnya: Dapat duit Rp 277 juta TANPA MODAL http://komisigratis.com/?id=username Anda. Lalu, tekan enter.
2. Hasilnya, yang terlihat pada rekan Anda di YM, status Anda akan berbunyi “Dapat Rp 277 TANPA MODAL”, sedangkan URL affiliasinya hilang…. dan status Anda di YM berubah jadi link yang bisa di klik oleh rekan Anda.
3. Selesai! Sambil chatting di YM Anda bisa promosi. Mudah kan? Asal mau berusaha… semua orang pasti bisa, yang tidak bisa biasanya sih yang tidak mau usaha.
Monday
PTC INDONESIA
PTC (Pay To Click), kamsudnya maksudnya kita dibayar setiap kali kita meng-klik iklan. Setiap PTC memberikan bayaran berbeda-beda. tergantung PTC dan jenis member. Baca terus sampai habiiss.....
Cara daftar:
1.KLIK AJA DEH
Anda dibayar Hingga Rp 300, untuk tiap klik iklan yang ditampilkan selama 30 detik.
Anda dibayar Hingga Rp 150, untuk tiap klik iklan dari referal Anda.
2.HERI BUX
Minimal Cashout Rp 10.000
3.DUIT BUX
Dibayar Rp 25 sampai Rp 500 untuk tiap iklan yang diklik.
Dibayar 50% untuk tiap iklan yang diklik dari referal Anda.
Minimal pembayaran Rp 10.000,- (Premium), Rp 20.000,- (Standard)
Pembayaran melalui BCA, Mandiri dan BNI
Lebih banyak iklan bagi member Premium
4.PUNDI BUX
Anda dibayar Rp 12 - 25,untuk tiap klik iklan yang ditampilkan.
Permintaan pembayaran dapat dilakukan setiap harinya dan akan diproses melalui BCA, Mandiri dan PayPal . Jumlah minimal pembayaran adalah Rp. 20000 .
5.IDR CLICKIT
Anda dibayar Rp 10 - 50,untuk tiap klik iklan yang ditampilkan.
6.ZUMIN ADS
member mendapatkan Rp. 100, untuk setiap iklan yang dilihat selama 30 detik.
Minimum Payout hanya Rp. 100.000.
7.KLIK PTC
Anda akan mendapatkan Rp 100 untuk member standard dan Rp 150 untuk member premium untuk tiap iklan yang Anda lihat selama 30 detik.
Pembayaran hanya akan dilakukan melalui Bank Mandiri dan BCA setelah uang Anda mencapai Rp 60.000 dan klik sebanyak 200 kali.
8.KLIK ANDI
9.AUDI BUX
Dibayar Rp 25,- untuk tiap klik iklan yang ditampilkan selama 30 detik.
Dibayar Rp. 50,- untuk setiap klik yang dilakukan premium member
10.KLIK DONG
Dibayar $ 0.01 per klik
Pembayaran minimum $10
11.SOLO KLIK
Standar member :$0,01 / $0,005 per referal klik
Premium member :$0,015 / $0,01 per referal klik
Withdraw saldo minimal $5.
Anda akan mendapatkan Rp 100 untuk member standard dan Rp 150 untuk member premium untuk tiap iklan yang Anda lihat.
sampai sini dulu, Baca juga PTC LUAR NEGERI PTC.
History of computing
The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations. 
The Jacquard loom, on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, England, was one of the first programmable devices.
The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies—automated calculation and programmability—but no single device can be identified as the earliest computer, partly because of the inconsistent application of that term. Examples of early mechanical calculating devices include the abacus, the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which dates from about 150–100 BC). Hero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) built a mechanical theater which performed a play lasting 10 minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums that might be considered to be a means of deciding which parts of the mechanism performed which actions and when. This is the essence of programmability.
The "castle clock", an astronomical clock invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, is considered to be the earliest programmable analog computer.It displayed the zodiac, the solar and lunar orbits, a crescent moon-shaped pointer travelling across a gateway causing automatic doors to open every hour,and five robotic musicians who played music when struck by levers operated by a camshaft attached to a water wheel. The length of day and night could be re-programmed to compensate for the changing lengths of day and night throughout the year.
The Renaissance saw a re-invigoration of European mathematics and engineering. Wilhelm Schickard's 1623 device was the first of a number of mechanical calculators constructed by European engineers, but none fit the modern definition of a computer, because they could not be programmed.
In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the textile loom by introducing a series of punched paper cards as a template which allowed his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can be viewed as an early, albeit limited, form of programmability.
It was the fusion of automatic calculation with programmability that produced the first recognizable computers. In 1837, Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer, his analytical engine.Limited finances and Babbage's inability to resist tinkering with the design meant that the device was never completed.
In the late 1880s, Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a machine readable medium. Prior uses of machine readable media, above, had been for control, not data. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards ..." To process these punched cards he invented the tabulator, and the keypunch machines. These three inventions were the foundation of the modern information processing industry. Large-scale automated data processing of punched cards was performed for the 1890 United States Census by Hollerith's company, which later became the core of IBM. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear: the punched card, Boolean algebra, the vacuum tube (thermionic valve) and the teleprinter.
During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.
Alan Turing is widely regarded to be the father of modern computer science. In 1936 Turing provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. Of his role in the modern computer, Time Magazine in naming Turing one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, states: "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine."
The inventor of the program-controlled computer was Konrad Zuse, who built the first working computer in 1941 and later in 1955 the first computer based on magnetic storage.
George Stibitz is internationally recognized as a father of the modern digital computer. While working at Bell Labs in November 1937, Stibitz invented and built a relay-based calculator he dubbed the "Model K" (for "kitchen table", on which he had assembled it), which was the first to use binary circuits to perform an arithmetic operation. Later models added greater sophistication including complex arithmetic and programmability.
Defining characteristics of some early digital computers of the 1940s
Name First operational Numeral system Computing mechanism Programming Turing complete
Zuse Z3 (Germany) May 1941 Binary Electro-mechanical Program-controlled by punched film stock (but no conditional branch) Yes (1998)
Atanasoff–Berry Computer (US) 1942 Binary Electronic Not programmable—single purpose No
Colossus Mark 1 (UK) February 1944 Binary Electronic Program-controlled by patch cables and switches No
Harvard Mark I – IBM ASCC (US) May 1944 Decimal Electro-mechanical Program-controlled by 24-channel punched paper tape (but no conditional branch) No
Colossus Mark 2 (UK) June 1944 Binary Electronic Program-controlled by patch cables and switches No
ENIAC (US) July 1946 Decimal Electronic Program-controlled by patch cables and switches Yes
Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (UK) June 1948 Binary Electronic Stored-program in Williams cathode ray tube memory Yes
Modified ENIAC (US) September 1948 Decimal Electronic Program-controlled by patch cables and switches plus a primitive read-only stored programming mechanism using the Function Tables as program ROM Yes
EDSAC (UK) May 1949 Binary Electronic Stored-program in mercury delay line memory Yes
Manchester Mark 1 (UK) October 1949 Binary Electronic Stored-program in Williams cathode ray tube memory and magnetic drum memory Yes
CSIRAC (Australia) November 1949 Binary Electronic Stored-program in mercury delay line memory Yes
A succession of steadily more powerful and flexible computing devices were constructed in the 1930s and 1940s, gradually adding the key features that are seen in modern computers. The use of digital electronics (largely invented by Claude Shannon in 1937) and more flexible programmability were vitally important steps, but defining one point along this road as "the first digital electronic computer" is difficult.Shannon 1940 Notable achievements include:
EDSAC was one of the first computers to implement the stored program (von Neumann) architecture.
Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging.
* Konrad Zuse's electromechanical "Z machines". The Z3 (1941) was the first working machine featuring binary arithmetic, including floating point arithmetic and a measure of programmability. In 1998 the Z3 was proved to be Turing complete, therefore being the world's first operational computer.[13]
* The non-programmable Atanasoff–Berry Computer (1941) which used vacuum tube based computation, binary numbers, and regenerative capacitor memory. The use of regenerative memory allowed it to be much more compact then its peers (being approximately the size of a large desk or workbench), since intermediate results could be stored and then fed back into the same set of computation elements.
* The secret British Colossus computers (1943),[14] which had limited programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable. It was used for breaking German wartime codes.
* The Harvard Mark I (1944), a large-scale electromechanical computer with limited programmability.
* The U.S. Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory ENIAC (1946), which used decimal arithmetic and is sometimes called the first general purpose electronic computer (since Konrad Zuse's Z3 of 1941 used electromagnets instead of electronics). Initially, however, ENIAC had an inflexible architecture which essentially required rewiring to change its programming.
Several developers of ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design, which came to be known as the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. This design was first formally described by John von Neumann in the paper First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, distributed in 1945. A number of projects to develop computers based on the stored-program architecture commenced around this time, the first of these being completed in Great Britain. The first to be demonstrated working was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM or "Baby"), while the EDSAC, completed a year after SSEM, was the first practical implementation of the stored program design. Shortly thereafter, the machine originally described by von Neumann's paper—EDVAC—was completed but did not see full-time use for an additional two years.
Nearly all modern computers implement some form of the stored-program architecture, making it the single trait by which the word "computer" is now defined. While the technologies used in computers have changed dramatically since the first electronic, general-purpose computers of the 1940s, most still use the von Neumann architecture.
Computers using vacuum tubes as their electronic elements were in use throughout the 1950s, but by the 1960s had been largely replaced by transistor-based machines, which were smaller, faster, cheaper to produce, required less power, and were more reliable. The first transistorised computer was demonstrated at the University of Manchester in 1953.[15] In the 1970s, integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors, such as the Intel 4004, further decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers. By the late 1970s, many products such as video recorders contained dedicated computers called microcontrollers, and they started to appear as a replacement to mechanical controls in domestic appliances such as washing machines. The 1980s witnessed home computers and the now ubiquitous personal computer. With the evolution of the Internet, personal computers are becoming as common as the television and the telephone in the household.
Modern smartphones are fully-programmable computers in their own right, and as of 2009 may well be the most common form of such computers in existence.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Computer
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.
Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). 
Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch, and can be powered by a watch battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are however the most numerous.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Internet through cable TV networks, Yach How?
Systems on cable television network operator, which was originally used only to send the entertainment and news broadcasts have, in the further development is now beginning equipped with Internet services. This requires the modification and the addition of support devices. How the Internet can be accessed through cable television network?
HOW WORK INTERNET CABLE TV
Internet cable uses coaxial cable as the media access media. This coaxial cable originally used only to distribute TV signals only. In some systems, coaxial cable to distribute the media only signal. In other systems, fiber optic cable pulled from the company's cable TV service provider to various major areas. In place fiber optic cable changed the signal to flow using coaxial cable to customers' homes. Technology that combines fiber optic and coaxial cable for distribution customers with technology known as HFC (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial). HFC technology is a network platform that provides three channels as well as among other TV channels, high speed internet access and telephony.
Bandwidth is delivered via cable TV network is divided into many channels (channels). The width of each channel is made of 6 MHz. This is because the TV signal using a frequency allocation 6Mhz (standard NTSC) or 7 or 8Mhz (PAL standard), to conform to the standard video bandwidth of 4.2 MHz, and bandwidth of HDTV (high definition TV) which has been compressed to 6 MHz. Normally each channel used to send a broadcast., So that in one cable can be channeled tens of broadcast TV. Generally, the frequency spectrum used for TV signal ranges between 111Mhz - 450 Mhz, whereas the coaxial cable is capable of carrying up to 1000 MHz frequency. If initially all the channels used to send broadcast television, now some channels are used for Internet access are using the channel on the unused frequency that is then used to carry data signals, and is usually taken at a frequency of 550 MHz to above.
Some channels serve as downstream path (from the Internet to the customer), and others serve as the upstream path (from the customer to the internet). Wide bandwidth or the number of channels that functioned for less than the downstream to upstream channel because most customers do more downloading than uploading. Traffic that occurs on a cable modem subscribers are generally asymmetric. Downstream traffic is greater than upstreamnya traffic, it is common in Internet traffic. Greater use of traffic downstream 6 MHz frequency bandwidth obtained so that approximately 27Mbps. Bandwidth for this dishared (divided), together with the user or customer other cable TV Internet. Whereas in the upstream side, the frequency of use varies between 200Khz, 400, Khz, 800 Khz, 1600 Khz and 3200 Khz. When used 800Khz bandwidth is obtained around 2700 Kbps. This of course resulted in the time required to upload (send data from the user to the Internet) longer than the time to send data from the Internet to the customer (download).
For these internet data transmission, both upstream and downstream, single channel shared by all service users. For the narrow upstream bandwidth is divided in units of time, namely in milisecond (1 / 1000 seconds), which is in units of time a customer can do it "sprays" data to the Internet.
In order for customers to access the Internet, cable TV operators have two choices. The first option is to build own and operate its Internet services. That is, the operator serves as a broadband server. He can provide standard Internet services, such as web surfing, e-mail box, and chat. Or other services such as providing space for storing data files, audio, and video belong to customers. In this way the customer does not need to subscribe to an ISP (Internet Service Provider) other. That is, he had no choice other than ISP cable TV operators concerned. The second option, cable TV operators to work with other ISPs. This cooperation in the form of ISP license and bandwidth operation. Operators can work together with one or more ISPs, so customers have more choices though still limited. In Indonesia, the three cable TV operators, it seems only one operator who has provided Internet services in the form of cooperation with the two ISPs.
THE QUALITIES OF INTERNET CABLE
A. Pros Who owned
Internet through cable TV networks have several advantages compared to the Internet through the telephone network. One of them is Internet access for 24 hours. This can happen because the cable operators and network enabled services for 24 hours straight.
If customers add Internet facilities, cable TV operators will attract additional monthly subscription fee. These additional costs "fall" is more expensive than the cost to be paid when using the media phone line for 24 hours for a month.
In addition, with the Internet cable is no longer dialing process as done on the telephone network. No more answers busy tone (busy tone) when all the phone lines to the ISP is solid. And, no more phone calls are not answered because of our busy-roaring surf.
The speed of data transmission (upstream and downstream) was also higher than the data transmission on a standard telephone network or ISDN / Integrated Services Digital Network. If the maximum data transmission speed on a standard phone line for 28.8 kbps (kilo bits per second), and at 128 kbps for ISDN, the cable network can reach 38 Mbps (Mega bits per second). This data transmission speed of performance is not affected much, close the distance between customers and service providers.
With such a high speed, we can accept the video stream audio (audio video streams) are more smoothly, not frozen (freeze). Thus, with a live video teleconference audio with a partner, working audio or video-chat with family in distant places can be done comfortably.
Speed-high speed can usually be achieved if the cable is used in the trunk and distribution system is a fiber-optic cable. Coaxial cable is only used as drop cable, the cable link between the customer and the distribution tap ..
B. The weakness has
However the use of this single channel has the effect for users of cable modems. When you are connected to the Internet first through a canal that is still empty, then you can use the entire bandwidth only for your purposes. But along with the addition of new customers, particularly bandwidth-intensive customers, you have to share bandwidth with him and you will feel the performance drop significantly. This is caused by the use of channels allocated to the Internet is used jointly by all customers.
Is possible, at the time of connection management, performance will be far below the theory. The good news, this decline in performance can be overcome by adding a new channel and divide the number of users per channel is used for data transmission over the Internet.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR INTERNET CABLE
A. On the Customer: Cable Modem
One of the supporting device is a cable Internet modem (modulator-demodulator) cable. He connects customers with PCs cable TV channel. Its function is as an interface between a computer communication standard formats and standard formats of communication cable network.
Cable Modem is a device that allows access to high-speed data (eg, Internet) through a cable TV network (not using the phone line as the general modem). Cable Modem generally have 2 (two) connectors, one to be connected to a network outlet, cable TV and the other was connected to a computer (PC). Most cable modems are external devices that are connected to a PC using a network card (10Base-T Ethernet) and a special cable (twisted-pair wiring). External USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable modem and an internal PCI card modem cable at the moment still in the developmental stage. Sometimes people like misunderstood the meaning of the word "Cable Modem" for Cable modem works more like a network equipment (LAN) rather than a modem.
Speed cable modem was bervariatif, depending on the system applied to the modem itself, the architecture of the network cable, and activity level data paths. In the downstream direction (from network to the computer) speed can reach up to 27 Mbps which is divided by multiple users in accordance with the bandwidth. Several computers can connect to high speed to between 1 to 2 Mbps. However in general the producer of the cable modem is set at the speed of 500 Kbps to 2.5 Mbps.
The problem is, the communication cable network does not have a standard communication standards. Therefore, we recommend a cable modem provided by cable TV operators. Selection modem that is incompatible with the network format clearly prevents us from enjoying the Internet 24 hours. However, if the regulations had been agreed by the agencies in charge, we can buy a modem with a choice of more models. Agencies usually issued regulations include: Federal Communications Commission (FCC), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
In general, cable modems can not be purchased separately, it is because if the cable network providers is to use network equipment from a particular brand, then the cable modem only brand that can be used. For this reason most users of cable modem service can rent the equipment (cable modem), so there's no risk of outdated products (a problem commonly faced by computer users).
B. On the Cable TV service providers: CMTS and other equipment
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) is located in the headend cable TV network. CMTS takes the flow of customer data that is sent through the upstream, and then sent to the ISP or the Internet connection. At the headend, cable TV operators also need to have (or rent from your ISP), other equipment (hardware and software) for Internet facilities.
Equipment-equipment are: a computer server for accounting and logging purposes. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for assigning and administration of IP addresses (Internet Protocol) for her customers. Also the server to the protocol controller nickname: Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS). DOCSIS is the main standard used by the United States for the implementation of Internet access for cable TV subscribers.
Through downstream data flows to all customers (who are connected) with a mechanism such as an ethernet network, namely network system that is widely used in Local Area Network (LAN). In this mechanism, the data blocks intended for a customer can only be received and read by the customer concerned.
When a customer sends data to the CMTS via the upstream path, the data will not be read by other customers. In order for multi-access, the narrow upstream bandwidth is divided into time slices (of the order of milliseconds).
In each period will be sent several pieces of time that each contain one data from one customer. Or in other words, customers who are on-line, using alternate upstream channel in order milliseconds. The way this time sharing can work well if: the number of customers connected (line) a little and most of the subscribers to send short commands.
A CMTS 1000 can handle customers who connect to the Internet through a single channel width of 6 MHz. Because the single channel can pass 30 Mbps to 40 Mbps, it seems clear that the data transfer speed is higher than the data transfer speed telephone network.
However, the speed can not always be achieved due to the cable TV network consists of branches. All customers in the branches using the same bandwidth. As a result, when the number of subscribers accessing the Internet increases, the data transfer speed will decrease. This is because the bandwidth to the Internet is used interchangeably, as in the LAN.
Fig Internet through Cable TV:
To maintain a high-speed access, is fitting if the cable TV operators to take measures improvement. For example, the addition of channels to the Internet, the use of fiber optics with higher bandwidth and faster servers with greater capacity. Or other efforts to maintain and even improve customer satisfaction
Source: Daniel B. Pratomo (http://web.si.its-sby.edu)
VirtualBox
VirtualBox is a powerful x86 and AMD64/Intel64 virtualization product for enterprise as well as home use. Not only is VirtualBox an extremely feature rich, high performance product for enterprise customers, it is also the only professional solution that is freely available as Open Source Software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). See "About VirtualBox" for an introduction. Here, you will find links to VirtualBox binaries and its source code. The VirtualBox User Manual is included in the VirtualBox binaries above. If, however, you would like to take a look at it without having to install the whole thing, you can download it in PDF format here: You will need a PDF reader such as Adobe Reader to view this file. Most Linux systems will have a PDF reader installed by default. Here you can read the User Manual online. You may also like to take a look at our frequently asked questions list. The screenshots below show several impressions while running VirtualBox on Linux, Windows, Mac OS X and Solaris platforms: 
Presently, VirtualBox runs on Windows, Linux, Macintosh and OpenSolaris hosts and supports a large number of guest operating systems including but not limited to Windows (NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Vista, Windows 7), DOS/Windows 3.x, Linux (2.4 and 2.6), Solaris and OpenSolaris, and OpenBSD.
VirtualBox is being actively developed with frequent releases and has an ever growing list of features, supported guest operating systems and platforms it runs on. VirtualBox is a community effort backed by a dedicated company: everyone is encouraged to contribute while Sun ensures the product always meets professional quality criteria.Download VirtualBox
(registration required) User manual
VirtualBox for FreeBSD. This screenshot shows a first version running Ubuntu. NAT networking works. 
VirtualBox for FreeBSD. This screenshot shows a first version capable of running Windows. 
VirtualBox for Mac OS X. One virtual machine is running in seamless mode on Leopard. Note the realtime preview of the virtual machine in the dock. 
VirtualBox for Mac OS X, currently in beta test. Two virtual machines are visible: one with Windows Vista, another with Gentoo Linux. 
Creating a new, empty VM for installing Windows Vista. 
The new VM in the VirtualBox main window. Note that an ISO file (containing the Vista setup CD) has been mounted as the VM's CD-ROM drive. 
After starting the VM, it boots off the virtual CD-ROM (the ISO file with the Vista setup), and Vista Setup starts up. 
Vista is installing into the virtual hard drive. 
Vista install complete: the log-on screen. 
Compiling VirtualBox on Ubuntu Edgy Eft in VirtualBox on Windows XP. 
Details of a snapshot performed after Vista installation. We can revert the virtual machine to this snapshot at a later time. 
Damn Small Linux 2.0 works damn well in VirtualBox! 
The Virtual Disk Manager allows you to work with VM images. 
VirtualBox in Vista inside VirtualBox on XP? Perhaps some day... 
A community-based effort is underway to port VirtualBox to OS/2 hosts. This screenshot shows a first alpha version.
from: http://www.virtualbox.org
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